popups = new Array; popups[1] = new Array ( "Founded in 1968, ESA Biosciences, Inc. is a leading manufacturer and supplier of analytical instruments for the life science, clinical diagnostic, drug discovery, and pharmaceutical industries. The company offers a complete line of HPLC systems, components, and advanced detectors, along with a broad range of analytical services. Click here to visit ESA's Web site.", 300, 100 ); popups[2] = new Array ( "The Experts in Microplate Analysis, Dynex Technologies, Inc. is a leading manufacturer of microplate instrumentation incorporating advanced detection and fully automated sample handling, consumables, and accessories used in clinical diagnostics, drug discovery, biomedical research, and industrial applications worldwide. Founded in 1952, Dynex is headquartered in Chantilly, Virginia. Click here to visit Dynex's Web site.", 300, 100 ); popups[3] = new Array ( "Founded in 1998, TekCel LLC is a leading innovator of sample-management and assay-automation systems for biomedical research. TekCel's solutions yield dramatic improvements in efficiency and effectiveness by automating manual processes, integrating applications, and maximizing process controls to ensure biological and chemical sample integrity and resulting data fidelity. TekCel's modular, scalable family of products includes sample-management automation, liquid handling, software, and proprietary consumables addressing the researchers' needs from archive compound storage through screening result. Click here to visit TekCel's Web site.", 300, 100 ); popups[4] = new Array ( "Typically performed using an optical-based technology (absorbance, fluorescence, or luminescence), microplate-based biomolecular immunoassays are tests designed to measure the activity or function of various large molecules such as proteins, antibodies, and nucleic acids (DNA or RNA). Many cellular functions can also be measured in this fashion. This is also called an \"immunoassay\" when it is used in diagnosing disease, for example. It's also useful in helping to plan an appropriate treatment strategy. Click here for more information.", 300, 100 ); popups[5] = new Array ( "High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is an analytical-chemistry-based tool for analyzing mixtures of chemical compounds. It is used to determine the amount of a chemical compound within a mixture of other chemicals, for example the exact amount of active pharmaceutical ingredient in a drug. The sample is dissolved in a solvent (like water or alcohol) and a detector measures response changes between the solvent itself, and the solvent and sample when passing through it. The electrical response is digitized and sent to a data system. Click here for more information.", 300, 100 ); popups[6] = new Array ( "Metabolomics is the study of an organism's low-molecular weight molecules or metabolites (e.g., amino acids, peptides, lipids, carbohydrates) - chemical byproducts that result when a substance breaks down (metabolizes). By understanding and detecting metabolic differences, for example, between normal and diseased states, researchers hope to provide earlier and more precise diagnosis and prevention. In drug discovery and development, it may help us to understand how and when drugs work, interact, and cause side effects. It's also becoming increasingly important in applications from environmental toxicology and cell biology to plant biochemistry. Click here for more information.", 300, 100 ); popups[7] = new Array ( "Metabolomic biomarker is a biochemical characteristic that can be used to diagnose and measure the progress of disease, the effects of a treatment, or who may be predisposed to experience a harmful side effect from a drug. Click here for more information.", 300, 100 ); popups[8] = new Array ( "An immunoassay is a test that uses the binding of antibodies to antigens to identify and measure certain substances. Immunoassays may be used to diagnose disease. Also, test results can provide information about a disease that may help in planning treatment (for example, when estrogen receptors are measured in breast cancer). ", 300, 100 ); popups[9] = new Array ( "Reagents are chemical substances that are used to produce a chemical reaction in order to measure, detect, or examine other substances.", 300, 100 ); popups[10] = new Array ( "Corona™ CAD (Charged Aerosol Detector) is a breakthrough, universal detector technology for HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). Click here for more information.", 300, 100 ); popups[11] = new Array ( "The NIH Roadmap for Medical Research is a series of far-reaching initiatives designed to transform the nation's medical research capabilities and speed the movement of scientific discoveries \"from the bench to the bedside.\" It provides a framework of the priorities the NIH must address in order to optimize its entire research portfolio and lays out a vision for a more efficient and productive system of medical research. Click here for more information.", 300, 100 ); popups[12] = new Array ( "The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has awarded a five-year contract to The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) to establish the Pathogen Functional Genomics Resource Center (PFGRC). The PFGRC is a centralized facility providing the research community with resources necessary to conduct functional genomics research on human pathogens and invertebrate vectors of infectious diseases. The PFGRC provides scientists with genomic resources and reagents such as microarrays, protein expression clones, genotyping and bioinformatics services. The PFGRC supports the training of scientists in the latest techniques in functional genomics and emerging genomic technologies. Click here for more information.", 300, 100 ); popups[13] = new Array ( "The National Institutes of Health (NIH) awarded Discovery Partners (DPI) a multi-year contract to set up and maintain a small-molecule repository to manage and provide up to one million chemical compounds to multiple NIH funded Screening Centers as part of the NIH Roadmap (http://nihroadmap.nih.gov/). The repository is being located at DPI's Chemistry Division, in San Francisco, California. Building upon the results of the Human Genome Project, the NIH Roadmap has been established to accelerate medical research progress in drug discovery. The ultimate goal of the repository is to offer public sector biomedical researchers access to hundreds of thousands of small organic molecules, which can be used as chemical probes to study cellular pathways in greater depth. Click here for more information.", 300, 100 ); popups[14] = new Array ( "Also known as the electronic records and signature rule, FDA 21 CFR Part 11 is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation, enacted in 1997, that mandates compliance by pharmaceutical companies for generating and archiving test data electronically in perpetuity. Click here for more information.", 300, 100 ); popups[15] = new Array ( "Metabolite an organism's low-molecular-weight molecules (e.g., amino acids, peptides, lipids, carbohydrates) - biochemical byproducts that result when a substance breaks down (metabolizes).", 300, 100 ); popups[16] = new Array ( "Genomics is the comprehensive study of all the genes in a cell or organism, how they interact, and their function, based on knowing the organism's entire DNA sequence. The term genome is used to refer to all the DNA contained in a cell including both the chromosomes within the nucleus and the DNA in the mitochondria, in short, the complete set of genetic material necessary for life.", 300, 100 ); popups[17] = new Array ( "Proteomics is the study of the set of proteins produced (expressed) by an organism, tissue, or cell, and the changes in protein expression patterns in health and disease, or in different environments and conditions. ", 300, 100 ); popups[18] = new Array ( "ADME/tox, an acronym, is a series of critical tests in drug discovery to characterize a compound's properties with respect to its Absorption by the intestine, Distribution to the organism, Metabolism by the liver, Excretion by the kidney, as well as its Toxicity. Most high-profile drug failures are caused by toxic side effects. Researchers are working to identify compounds with toxic properties far earlier in the drug-discovery process, before expensive clinical trials have begun, so they can focus their time and resources on developing only the safest and most promising drug candidates. Click here for more information.", 300, 100 ); // ASV popups[19] = new Array ( '

Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) is a highly precise, virtually interference-free method.

'+ '
    '+ '
  1. Whole blood is added to the reagent solution (Fig. 1), '+ '
  2. Any lead present is released from the blood components (Fig. 2).'+ '
  3. Now, any lead in the reagent solution is concentrated (plated) onto a thin-film electrode during the plating step of the analysis cycle (Fig. 3).'+ '
  4. The plated lead is removed from the electrode by applying a stripping current (Fig. 4). The amount of lead is measured by integration of the electrical current released during this rapid electrochemical step. '+ '
'+ '

Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

'+ '

'+ '

The current released during the stripping step is directly proportional to the amount of lead present in the blood sample.

', 500, 100 ); popups[20] = new Array ( "TREK Diagnostic Systems is a global manufacturer and distributor of automated systems and consumable products for microbiology-based diagnostic testing that serves the clinical, pharmaceutical, and veterinary laboratory markets. Signature product lines, the VersaTREKr Automated Microbial Detection System and the Sensititrer Automated Susceptibility and Identification Testing System, are designed to provide cost-effective improvements in workflow efficiencies, ergonomics, and test-result performance. Click here to visit TREK's Web site", 300, 100 );